Basic chemistry  provides many basic topics for internaltional students in clinic medicine.

• Introduction
• Colligative properties of dilute solution
  • Concentration expressions
  • Properties of dilute solution
  • Osmosis
  • Importance of osmosis in medicine
• Electrolyte solution
  • acids and bases
  • Relative stength of acids and bases
  • The pH scale
  • Ionization constants
• Buffer solution
  • Buffer solution
  • pH calculation of buffer
  • Buffer capacity and buffer range
  • Blood buffer system
• Colloids
  • Dispersed system
  • Optical and dynamic properties of sol
  • Electrical properties and structure of sol
  • Stability and coagubility of colloids
• Electrochemistry
  • Redox reaction
  • Voltaic cells
  • Nernst equation
  • Application of standard electrode potential
  • Determination of pH
• Atomic structure
  • Dual nature of electrons
  • The wave functions of H atom
  • Quantum numbers
  • Electronic confugations
• Molecular structure
  • The covalent bond theory-1
  • The covalent bond therory-2
  • Hybridization theory
  • Molecular force
  • Hydrogen bond

1. Knowledge objective: To provide students with knowledge of the basic concepts, principles and applications of modern chemistry related to medicine, so as to lay a solid foundation for subsequent courses (such as organic chemistry, biochemistry, physiology, pharmacology, etc.).

 2. Ability Objective: Through the learning and application of subject knowledge and experimental operation, cultivate students' ability to analyze, solve and operate problems, help students to think independently and rationally, and inspire students' innovative spirit.

Chemistry in Middle School